Sidney Hook. From Hegel to Marx.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

CHAPTER ONE

HEGEL AND MARX

I – Hegel and Marx in Opposition

1 – The Religious Motif in Hegel and the Activistic Atheism of Marx

2 – Political Accommodation in Hegel and Social Revolution in Marx

3 – Philosophy as Retrospective Evaluation: Philosophy as Contemporary Social Activity

4 – Systematic Philosophical Idealism versus Scientific Materialism

5 – History as the Autobiography of God: History as the Pursuit of Human Ends

II – Hegel and Marx in Continuity

1 – Opposition to Social Atomism

2 – Rejection of Abstract Ethical Idealism

3 – The Centrality of the Process in Hegel and Marx

4 – End in Hegel and Ends in Marx

III – The Dialectical Method in Hegel and Marx

1 – Defects of the Dialectical Method in Hegel

2 – Dialectic as the Logic of Totality in Marx

3 – The Dialectic as the Principle of Activity

4 – Dialectic as the «Algebra of Revolution»

5 – Dialectic and Nature

CHAPTER TWO

THE YOUNG-HEGELIANS AND KARL MARX

I – The Pantheistic Humanism of Strauss

1 – The «Mythical» Interpretation of Religion

2 – The Social Absolute and Man-God in Strauss

3 – Strauss’ Philosophy of History

4 – Strauss and Marx

5 – The Revolutionary Theology of Bruno Bauer

6 – Bauer’s Radical Atheism

7 – The Terrorism of Reason

CHAPTER THREE

BRUNO BAUER AND KARL MARX

I – The Revolutionary Politics of Bruno Bauer

1 – Bauer’s Anti-Liberalism

2 – Bauer and the Jewish Question

3 – Bauer and the Social Problem

4 – The Critical Spirit versus the Masses

5 – Sentimental Philanthropy as Social Reform

6 – Bauer’s Historical Fatalism

II – Marx’s Criticism of Bauer

1 – Bauer’s Defective Social Psychology

2 – Bauer’s Creative Idealism

3 – Solipsism and the Social Problem

4 – Historical Dynamics and the Masses

5 – Ideas and Interests

6 – The Beginnings of Historical Materialism

CHAPTER FOUR

ARNOLD RUGE AND KARL MARX

I – The Philosophy of Arnold Ruge

1 – Philosophy as Politics

2 – Literary Romanticism as Political Reaction

3 – The Anti-Historicism of the Historical School

4 – Poetry as Politics

5 – Above-the-Battle Neutralities

6 – «Partei! Partei! Wer sollte sie nicht nehmen!»

II – From Political Liberalism to Social Democracy

1 – Is Atheism a Religion?

2 – Tired Liberalism and Social Pessimism

3 – The Class State versus the Social State

4 – The Social Basis of the Class State

5 – Socialism and Politics

CHAPTER FIVE

MAX STIRNER AND KARL MARX

I – The Philosophy of Max Stirner

1 – Ideals as Illusions

2 – Social, All-too-Social

3 – Immoralism

4 – The Cult of the Ego

II – Marx’s Criticism of Stirner

1 – The Positive Aspects of Stirner’s Work

2 – The Ego as an Abstraction

3 – Stirner’s Subjectivism

4 – Stirner’s Social Nominalism

5 – Egoistic Anarchism as Self-Defeating

6 – The Petty-Bourgeois Roots of Anarchism

CHAPTER SIX

MOSES HESS AND KARL MARX

I – The Philosophy of Moses Hess

1 – The Social Status of the German Intellectual

2 – Communism as Humanism

3 – Communism as the Ethics of Love

4 – «True Socialism» as Reactionary Socialism

5 – Communism and Nationalism

6 – Transition to Realism

II – Marx’s Criticism of «True Socialism»

1 – Intransigent Theory and Reactionary Practice

2 – Socialism by Education or Socialism by Struggle

3 – Nature, All-too-Peaceful Nature

4 – Was Marx a «True Socialist»?

CHAPTER SEVEN

LUDWIG FEUERBACH AND KARLMARX

I – Feuerbach’s Method

II – FeuerbacKs Psychology of Religion

III – Feuerbach’s Philosophy of Religion

IV – Feuerbach’s Philosophy of Anthropomorphism

1 – Man as the Measure of All Things

2 – Metaphysics as Esoteric Psychology

3 – The Social Nature of Truth

4 – Realism or Conventionalism

V – Feuerbach’s «Degenerate» Sensationalism

CHAPTER EIGHT

KARL MARX AND FEUERBACH

1 – Thesis I. Ideas

2 – Thesis II. Truth

3 – Thesis III. Action

4 – Thesis IV. Religion

5 – Thesis V. Perception

6 – Thesis VI and VII. Religion and Society

7 – Thesis VIII. Intelligibility

8 – Thesis IX and X. The Old and New Materialisms

9 – Thesis XI. Philosophy

Appendix I. Marx on Kant and Political Liberalism

Appendix II. Marx on Hegel’s «Concrete Universal»

Appendix III. Marx on Bentham and Utilitarianism