Biblioteca / 1980-1989
Philip S. Foner. History of the Labor Movement in the United States. Vol. 7: Labor and World War I, 1914-1918.
Nueva York: International Publishers, 1987.
x, 410 páginas.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1 – THE SOCIALIST PARTY AND WORLD WAR I: From Outbreak to U.S. Entrance
What Kind of War?
The European Socialists Capitulate
The Reaction of American Socialists
Socialists on the Cause of the War
«America Must End the War»
The Socialist Party Anti-War Manifesto
How To Keep Out of the War?
Left-wing Proposals
The Lusitania Sinks
The Socialist Party Peace Program
The Debate on Preparedness
The Election of 1916
Analysis of Election Results
U.S. Breaks Relations with Germany
Reaction of the Socialist Party
Proposals for a General Strike
The February Revolution in Russia
Position of the Pro-Ally Socialists
Call for Emergency National Convention
U.S. Declares War
The St. Louis Convention
Departure of Pro-war Socialists
Weaknesses of the Socialist Party’s Anti-war Stand
2 – ORGANIZED LABOR AND WORLD WAR I, 1914-1915
The Cause of World War I
Labor for Strict Neutrality
Gompers Begins to Vacillate
The 1914 AFL Convention
The 1914 IWW Convention
Labor’s Peace Activities in 1915
Labor’s National Peace Council
Gompers and the «Munition Strikes»
The Friends of Peace
The Collapse of Labor’s National Peace Council
The 1915 AFL Convention
3 – ORGANIZED LABOR AND PREPAREDNESS
Gompers Endorses Preparedness
Labor Advocates of Preparedness
Labor Opposition to Preparedness
Labor’s Anti-Preparedness Arguments
The Preparedness Day Parades
The San Francisco Parade
4 – THE MOONEY-BILLINGS FRAME-UP
Prelude to a Frame-up
Tom Mooney
The Frame-up
The Pre-Trial Defense Appeal
Billings Sentenced
California Labor’s Indifference
Labor Begins to Respond
Mooney Sentenced to Death
California Labor Acts
Saving Mooney
The Frame-up Continues
5 – LABOR’S ROAD TO WAR
Keep Out of War!
Gompers Moves toward War
«Labor’s Position in Peace or in War»
The «Blank Check»
The Washington Labor Conference
Labor’s Response to the Declaration of War
6 – THE PEOPLE’S COUNCIL AND THE AALD
Organizing the People’s Council
Formation of the AALD
Alliance Propaganda
Two National Conventions
The 1917 AFL Convention
Alliance Problems
The Hillquit Mayoralty Campaign
The Bolshevik Revolution
The Alliance Uses Economic Pressure
Decline of the People’s Council
7 – WOMEN AND BLACK WORKERS IN WARTIME INDUSTRY
Women Flock into Industry
Performance of Women Workers
Factors Impeding Women’s Work
Discrimination against Women Workers
Impact of the War on Women Workers
Black Workers enter Industry
Impact of the War on Black Women Workers
Black Women Suffer Racism and Sexism
Restricted Nature of Black Employment
8 – THE GOVERNMENT’S WAR LABOR PROGRAM
Some Causes of Labor Discontent
Gompers and the Council of National Defense
The Issue of Compulsory Military Service
The Issue of Strikes
The Baker-Gompers Memorandum
Some Wartime Strikes
The President’s Mediation Commission
The National War Labor Board
9 – THE GOVERNMENT AND WOMEN AND BLACK WORKERS
The Committee on Women in Industry
The Women’s Service Section of Railroad Administration
The Women-In-Industry Service
The Division of Negro Economics
10 – ORGANIZED LABOR AND THE WOMAN WORKER
The Government Requests Unions Admit Women
Response to the Request
The AFL and Women Workers
The Conductorettes vs. the Amalgamated Association
The Cleveland Conductorettes
Detroit Prejudice, Kansas City Solidarity
Other Unions React to Women Workers
The Telephone Operators
Conclusion
11 – ORGANIZED LABOR AND THE BLACK WORKER
The Path Labor Should Follow
The East St. Louis Riot
The AFL and the Black Worker
Relations on the Local Level
The Chicago Packinghouse Campaign
Black Women and the Unions
The Women Wage-Earners’ Association
Other Independent Black Unions
Randolph, Owen, and The Messenger
12 – IWW ORGANIZING DURING THE WAR: Lumber
Early IWW Victories and Defeats
A New Lease on Life
Conditions in Lumber
Strike of 1917 Begins
Anti-IWW Terror
Employers Refuse to Settle
Intensified anti-IWW Terror
The Strike on the Job
U.S. Army Breaks the Strike
The 8-Hour Day Wins in Lumber
13 – IWW ORGANIZING DURING THE WAR: Mining
The AFL Fails Arizona Miners
The IWW Bisbee Strike
The Jerome Deportation
The Bisbee Deportation
Intervention by President Wilson
The Federal Government Investigates
Impact of Bisbee Deportations
Tragedy and Conflict in Butte
Lynching of Frank Little
Miners’ Unionization Defeated
14 – WARTIME REPRESSION: The IWW
Nature of the Repression
IWW-Chief Target
Anti-IWW Laws
The Government Raids
The Indictments
IWW and the Draft
The Government Sabotages the Defense
The Chicago Trial
The Verdict and the Sentences
What Happened to IWW Archives?
15 – WARTIME REPRESSION: The Socialists
Socialists Tum toward Support of the War
The Attack on Socialists Begins
Suppression of the Socialist Press
Imprisonment of Kate Richards O’Hare
Imprisonment of Anarchists
Imprisonment of Ruthenberg, Wagenknecht, and Baker
Black Anti-war Socialists: Randolph and Owen
Persecution of Victor Berger
Imprisonment of Eugene V. Debs
A Hung Jury
With neither Logic nor Reason
The St. Louis Majority Remains Intact
16 – LABOR AT THE WAR’S END
Increase in Union Membership
Wartime Wages
Record of the War Labor Board
The AFL and Postwar Reconstruction
«Labor’s Fourteen Points»
The AFL Confronts the Peace
The AFL and European Peace Forces
The Inter-Allied Socialist Conference
Gompers Boycotts Bern Meeting
The Commission on International Labor Legislation
The AFL and the Versailles Treaty
Conference of the ILO
The AFL and the IFTU
International Congress of Working Women
International Federation of Working Women