Franz Schurmann – Orville Schell, eds. The China Reader.

CONTENTS

VOLUME I

Imperial China: The Decline of the Last Dynasty and the Origins of Modern China

The 18th and 19th Centuries

Preface

Introduction

PART I

EMPIRE AND SPLENDOR: THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

1 – China—State and Society

The Humanist Ethos of Traditional China

MENCIUS: From The Book of Mencius

Government, Society, and Man in Imperial China: A European Traveler’s Description

ABBÉ HUC: From The Chinese Empire

Chinese Society: The Confucian Pattern and the Political Tradition

JOHN K. FAIRBANK: The Nature of Chinese Society

Wealth, Power, and the Seeds of Decline in the Economy of Imperial China

PING-TI HO: From The Population of China

The Amateur Ideal in Chinese Culture

JOSEPH R. LEVENSON: The Amateur Ideal in Ming and Early Ch’ing Society

The Scholar-Official: The Road to Success 8

WU CHING-TZU: From The Scholars

2 – China and the World

The Emperor’s Decree to the Outer Barbarians

THE CH’IEN LUNG EMPEROR: A Decree

China as Viewed by an Eighteenth-Century Physiocrat

FRANCOIS QUESNAY: From Despotism in China

The Distant and Strange Continent of Europe

WANG HSI-CH’I: Europe to a Chinese Observer

PART II

DECLINE AND HUMILIATION: THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

1 – The West Moves into China

Opium, Free Trade, and the Expansion of British Power

TSIANG TING-FU: The English and the Opium Trade

The Detestable, Strong, but Beatable Foreign Barbarians

A CENSOR: Memorial to the Emperor

A Nineteenth-Century Western China-Expert

THOMAS MEADOWS: From Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China

War: An Instrument of Western Truth and lustice

LT. COL. G. J. WOLSELEY: From War With China

The Legal Foundations of Western Superiority in China

JOHN K. FAIRNANK: The Western Impact

2 – Internal Rebellion

Rebellion: A Recurrent Tradition

C.K. YANG: Religion and Political Rebellion

China’s First Inland Revolution

WOLFGANG FRANKE: The Taiping Rebellion

An Imperial Despot and a Rebellious People in League Against the Foreigners and Their Chinese Sympathizers

SIR ROBERT HART: The Boxers: 1900

3 – Peace and Attempts at Reform

Confucian Adaptability and the Western Challenge

MARY C. WRIGHT: The Modernization of China’s System of Foreign Relations

A Great Statesman Advocates Self-Strengthening

LI HUNG-CHANG: Problems of Industrialization

A Practical Scholar-Official on New Methods of Reform

CHANG CHIH-TUNG: From Exhortation to Study

PART III

COLLAPSE AND DESPAIR: THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES

Japan’s Modern Sword Cuts into China’s Body

THE JAPANESE EMPEROR: Declaration of War Against China

THE CHINESE EMPEROR: Declaration of War Against Japan

SIR ROBERT HART: The Tragedy of China’s Defeat

Suffering and Starvation Among the Chinese People

WALTER H. MALLORY: From China, Land of Famine

The Western Missionary: Sympathy, Contempt, and Preaching

ARTHUR H. SMITH: From Chinese Characteristics

A Chinese Scholar at the Crossroads Seeks to Uncover the Secrets of the West

BENJAMIN SCHWARTZ: From In Search of Wealth and Power

A Modern Intellectual Becomes Conscious of China’s Degradation

LIANG CH’I-CH’AO: A Polemic for Republican Government

From A Review of China’s Progress

Chronology: 1644-1911

Bibliography

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VOLUME II

Republican China

Nationalism, War, and the Rise of Communism, 1911-1949

Preface

Introduction

PART I

REVOLUTION AND REGENERATION: CHINA’S REVIVAL IN THE EARLY DECADES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

1 – The Overthrow of the Dynasty and the Stillbirth of the Republic

A Westernized Doctor, Sun Yat-sen, Becomes China’s First Professional Revolutionary

SUN YAT-SEN: The Revolution Is the Path to the Regeneration of China

The Generals Grab Power

C.P. FITZGERALD: The Early Republic: «Min Kuo» Period

Provincial Warlords: Progeny of the Republican Revolution

DOAK BARNETT: Old-Style Warlordism

2 – Intellectuals Transform the Mind of China

The Cultural Revolution

HU SHIH: The Chinese Renaissance

CHOW TSE-TSUNG: From The May Fourth Movement

3 – The Intellectuals and the People: Ideology and Discontent Unite To Make the Chinese Revolution

The Chinese Communist Party: The Impact of the May Fourth Movement and the Russian Revolution

HAROLD ISAACS: The New Awakening

The Shanghai Coup of April 12, 1927

Urban Revolution Begins: The Communists Organize the Workers of China

HO KAN-CHIH: Rise of the Chinese Working-Class Movement. The Working-Class Movement in Hunan. The Big Political Strike of the Peking-Hankow Railway Workers

Rural Revolution Breaks Out Again: The Communists Organize the Peasants of Inland China

MAO TSE-TUNG: From The Peasant Movement in Hunan

4 – A Political Kuomintang Takes Power; A Military Kuomintang Loses It

The Success and Failure of a Revolution Without Regeneration

THEODORE H. WHITE AND ANNALEE JACOBY: The Rise of the Kuomintang

Moral Precepts of a General and His Wife

MAYLING SOONG CHIANG: Foreword From New Life for Kiangsi

CHIANG KAI-SHEK: My Religious Faith

5 – Anger, Irony, and Discouragement in China’s Greatest Modem Writer

LU HSÜN: From Selected Works

PART II

WAR: REVOLT AND INVASION: THE 1930s AND 1940s

1 – The Japanese Begin to March

The Grand Plan for Conquest

PREMIER TANAKA: The Tanaka Memorial

The First Attacks in a Long War

K.N. LEI: Japanese Occupy Shanghai; Woosung Forts Shelled

Local Chinese Troops Show Great Bravery

In the Wake of Japanese Conquest

2 – The Revolution Goes Inland The Kiangsi Soviet: A Communist and a Nationalist View

MAO TSE-TUNG: The Struggle in the Chingkang Mountains

C.W.H. YOUNG: Life Under the Chinese Soviet Regime

3 – Struggle for Survival: Rebuilding the Communist Movement

TIBOR MENDE: The Long March to Yenan

EDGAR SNOW: Soviet Society

4 – The Kuomintang Confronts Japan

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and Wartime China

THEODORE H. WHITE AND ANNALEE JACOBY: Chiang Kai-shek War

The United States: A Critical Ally

JOSEPH STILWELL: From The Stilwell Papers

5 – Civil Wan The Triumph of Communism

The Strategy and Ideology of Communist Victory

ROBERT B. RIGG: Foundation of Victory

LIONEL MAX CHASSIN: The Roots of Mao’s Victory

Revolutionary Land Reform: A Key Weapon in the Struggle

JACK BELDEN: The Land Problem

Stone Wall Village

The Great Debate: Could China Have Been “Saved”?

ALBERT C. WEDEMEYER: Summary of Remarks… Before Joint Meeting of State Council and All Ministers of the National Government August 22, 1947

WILLIAM C. BULLITT: Report to the American People on China

DEAN ACHESON: Letter of Transmittal Accompanying Report on United States Relations with China

Chronology: 1911-1949

Bibliography

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VOLUME III

Communist China

Revolutionary Reconstruction and International Confrontation, 1949 to the Present

Preface

Introduction

PART I

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA^ THE BASIC FRAMEWORK

1 – China’s Domestic Policy: Unity and Development

«Liberation»: the Communists Rapidly Introduce a New System

DERK BODDE: From Peking Diary

Theory and Methods of Chinese Communism

MAO TSE-TUNG: From On Contradiction

Two Different Types of Contradictions

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY: Proposal Concerning the General Line of the International Communist Movement

LIU SHAO-CH’I: From How To Be a Good Communist

Mao Tse-tung

EDGAR SNOW: Power Personality

MARK GAYN: Mao Tse-tung Reassessed

Mao the Poet

MAO TSE-TUNG: From The Poems of Mao Tse-tung

Party and Government: the Organizational Instruments of Rule

FRANZ SCHURMANN: Party and Government

Thought Reform: the Ideological Transformation of the Individual

ROBERT J. LIFTON: Peking’s «Thought Reform»— Group Psychotherapy To Save Your Soul

The Intellectuals: the Dilemma of the Educated

VIDYA PRAKASH DUTT: From China’s Foreign Policy

FRANZ SCHURMANN: A Student from Peking University

HUA LO-KENG: Remolding of Intellectuals

The Peasants: Organization and Reorganization of Rural Society

FRANZ SCHURMANN: Peasants

Economic Development

CHOH-MING Li: Economic Development

The Military System

SAMUEL B. GRIFFITH: The Military Potential of China

2 – China’s Foreign Policy: «Lean to One Side»

Sino-Soviet Relations: Alliance, Friendship, Hostility

DOAK BARNETT: The Sino-Soviet Alliance

HARRY GELMAN: The Sino-Soviet Conflict

Sino-American Relations: the Confrontation of Two Great Powers

RALPH N. CLOUGH: United States China Policy

EDGAR SNOW: Chou En-lai and America

PART II

CHINA TODAY: THE 1960s

1 – Ideology

World Views of China and the United States

LIN PIAO: Mao Tse-tung’s Theory of People’s War

OBSERVER: Whom Is the Soviet Leadership Taking United Action With?

PEOPLE’S DAILY: The War Threat of U.S. Imperialism Must be Taken Seriously

PRAVDA: Interview of Mao Tse-tung with the Japanese Socialists

JAMES RESTON: Washington: the Two Concepts of China

WILLIAM P. BUNDY: The United States and Communist

2 – Domestic Developments

Succession and Generational Change: the Quest for Revolutionary Continuity

MICHEL OKSENBERG: Communist China: A Quiet Crisis in Revolution

Economy and Trade: Recovery and Development

KANG CHAO: The Great Leap

ALEXANDER ECKSTEIN: EcoTwmic Growtk and Foreign Trade

Life in the New Society

EDGAR SNOW: Shanghai

SVEN LINDQVIST: Inside China

CHEN TUNG-LEI: Lei Feng

CHINA YOUTH DAILY: Educated Youths Who Go to Rural and Mountainous Areas

Have a Great Future

Views on Marriage

STANLEY KARNOW: Why They Fled: Refugee Accounts

Science and Technology

C.H.G. OLDHAM: Science in China

3 – Foreign Developments

The Worsening of the Sino-Soviet Dispute

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION: Moscow Letter

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY: Peking Letter

The State of the Sino-American Confrontation

DEAN RUSK: United States Policy Toward Communist China

OBSERVER: Old Tune, New Plot

CHOU EN-LAI: China’s Policy Toward the United States

The China Hearings

JOHN KING FAIRBANK: Motivate Chinese Behavior According to China’s Needs

GEORGE E. TAYLOR: Why Help Peking…?

One Aspect of the Sino-American Relationship

YUAN SHUI-PO: Soy Sauce and Prawns

China’s Foreign Relations with Other Countries

CH’EN YI: Remarks at a Press Conference

Minorities and Borders

Taiwan

ROBERT A. SCALAPINO: Communist China and Taiwan

JOYCE K. KALLGREN: Vietnam and Politics in Taiwan

Vietnam and the Sino-American Confrontation

DEAN RUSK: Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee

ROGER HILSMAN: Testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Committee

CHOU EN-LAI: China Is Ready To Take Up U.S. Challenge

ANNA LOUISE STRONG: When and How Will China Go to War?

EPILOGUE

THE «GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION»

KAO CHu: Open Fire Against the Anti-Party Anti-Socialist Black Line

PEOPLE’S DAILY: Carry Out the Cultural Revolution and Transform the Educational System Completely

LIBERATION ARMY DAILY: Make Our Army a Great School of Mao Tse-tung’s Thought

PEOPLE’S DAILY: Chairman Mao Celebrates the Great Culutral Revolution with Millions of the Masses

PRAVDA: The Hung-wei-ping in Action

Map

Radio Peking’s English-Language Broadcasts to the U.S.

Chronology: 1950-1966

Vote in the UN over Admitting Red China

Bibliography