G.D.H. Cole – A.W. Filson. British Working Class Movements. Select Documents, 1789-1875.

CONTENTS

Preface

I – THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Introduction

1 – The Labourers. From Rev. D. Davies, “The Case of the Labourers in Husbandry”, 1795

2 – The State of the Poor, (a) From Sir F. M. Eden, “The State of the Poor”, 1797. (b) From the same

3 – The Manufacturing System. From Robert Owen, “Observations on the Effect of the Manufacturing System”, 1815

4 – The Woollen Industry. From a Report on the State of the Woollen Manufacture of England, 1806

5 – The Coal Miners, 1765. From the Annual Register, 1765

6 – The Seamen. From the Home Office Papers, 1792. Reproduced from A. Aspinall, “The Early English Trade Unions”, 1949

7 – The Skilled Artisans. From the Place MSS., 27,834 f. 108 (1834)

8 – Food Riots, (a) From the Annual Register, 1766. (b) From the same

9 – The Speenhamland Scale. From J. L. and B. Hammond, “The Village Labourer, 1760-1832” (1911)

II – POLITICAL MOVEMENTS TO 1789

Introduction

1 – Wilkes and Liberty. A Test for Parliamentary Candidates, 1771

2 – The American War. From William Cobbett, “the Life and Adventures of Peter Porcupine”, 1796

3 – “Take your Choice!” (a) Extracts from John Cartwright’s “Take Your Choice!”, 1776. (b) A Letter from Richard Price. From “Life and Correspondence of Major John Cartwright”

4 – The Yorkshire Reformers. From the Wyvill Papers, vol. i (1794)

5 – The Westminster Committee. From the ‘Report of the Sub-Committee of Westminster’, 1780. From the same

6 – The Society for Promoting Constitutional Information, 1780. From the Society’s volume of Tracts, 1783

III – GREAT BRITAIN AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Introduction

1 – The Revolution Society, (a) From a Congratulatory Address to the National Assembly in France, 1789. (b) From Dr. Richard Price’s “Discourse on the Love of Our Country”, 1789

2 – The Rights of Man. (a) From Thomas Paine, “Rights of Man”, Part I, 1790. (b) From the same, Part II, 1791. (c) From the same, 1791

3 – The London Corresponding Society. (a) From “An Address to the Nation from the London Corresponding Society”, 1793. (b) From the Place MSS., 27,812 f. 75. [1793]. (c) From John Thelwall, “The Rights of Britons”, 1795. (d.) From11 Revolutions without Bloodshed”, 1794

4 – The Society for Constitutional Information. From “An Address by John Frost and Joel Barlow, Members of the Society for Promoting Constitutional Information”

5 – The Society of the Friends of the People. From an Address of the Society, 1794

6 – The British Convention, 1793. (a) From the Second Report of the Committee of Secrecy, 1794. (b) From the same, 1794

7 – Hog’s Wash, or Politics for the People. (a) From Daniel Isaac Eaton, Hog’s Wash, 1793. (b) From the same, 1793. (c) From the same, Part II, No. 1, 1794

8 – The Radicals and the French War. From the same, Part II, No. 8, 1794

9 – The Manchester Reformers. (a) From “The Whole Proceedings on the Trial of an Indictment against Thomas Walker and Others, for a Conspiracy”, 1794. (b) From Thomas Walker, “A Review of some of the Political Events which have occurred in Manchester during the Last Five Years”, 1794. (c) From the same, 1794

10 – The Loyal Associations, (a) From Debrett’s Parliamentary Register, vol. xxxiv. (b) From the Reeves MSS. [1792]

11 – The Trial of Thomas Muir. From “State Trials”, vol. Xxiii

12 – The Committee of Secrecy, 1794. (a) From the First Report, 1794. (b) From the same, 1794. (c) From the Second Report, 1794. (d) From the same, 1794

13 – The Treason Trials of 1794. From “The Trial at Large of Thomas Hardy for High Treason”, October 28 to November 5, 1794. (Reported by John Newton, 1794)

14 – The Naval Mutinies of 1797. Manifesto of the Delegates to their Countrymen: Address handed to Lord Northesk, June 6, 1797. From “Revolution from 1789 to 1906” (1923)

15 – Repressive Legislation, 1795-1800. (a) From the Seditious Meetings Act, 1795. (b) From the Unlawful Oaths Act, 1797. (c) From the Corresponding Societies Act, 1799

16 – The Radical Revival, 1806-1807. (a) From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1806. (b) From the Place MSS. 27,850 ff. 19-20 [1806]. (c) From the same, 27, 838 ff. 19-20 [1807]

IV – TRADE UNIONISM TO 1815

Introduction

1 – Trade Unions and the Law before 1799. (a) From A Bill of Conspiracies of Victuallers and Craftsmen, 1548 (2 & 3 Edw. VI. c. 15). (b) From Notes and Queries, 1867. (c) From 12 Geo. I. c. 34 (1726). (d) From ‘Rex v. the Journeymen Tailors of Cambridge’,1721. (e) From “The Trial of the Journeymen Printers”, 1798

2 – The Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800. From The Combination Act, 1800

3 – The Cotton Trade in 1812. From Alexander Richmond’s Evidence before the Committee on Artizans and Machinery, 1824

4 – The Enforcement of the Combination Laws. From the Home Office Papers. Reproduced fromA. Aspinall, “The Early English Trade Unions”, 1949 (16 extracts)

5 – The Skilled Crafts, (a) From The Gorgon, 1818. (b) From “The London Scale of Prices for Compositors’ Work: agreed upon, April 16th, 1810, with Explanatory Notes, and the Scales of Leeds, York, Dublin, Belfast, and Edinburgh”

6 – The Statute of Artificers, Repeal of Wages and Apprenticeship Clauses, 1813-1814. From the Statute of Artificers, 1562. (5 Eliz. c. 4)

V – THE LUDDITES

Introduction

1 – The Midland Luddites. The Declaration of the Framework Knitters, 1812. Home Office Papers, 42/119

2 – The Yorkshire Luddites. Letter sent to a Huddersfield Master, 1812. Home Office Papers, 40/41

3 – A Luddite Oath. From F. Peel, “The Risings of the Luddites”, 1895

VI – THE POST-WAR CRISIS

Introduction

1 – Signs of Unrest, (a) From Samuel Bamford, “Passages in the Life of a Radical”, 1840. (b) From The Black Dwarf, 1817. (c) From the same, 1817

2 – Cobbett Turns to the Working Class, 1816. (a) From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1816. (b) From the same, 1816

3 – The Spencean Philanthropists, (a) From Thomas Spence, “The Restorer of Society to its Natural State”, 1801. Letter 1. (b) From the same, 1801. Letter 5. (c) From the Place MSS., 27, 809 f. 93 (?1816). (d) From the First Report of the Committee of Secrecy, 1817

4 – Robert Owen and the Post-war Crisis, (a) From “The Life of Robert Owen” (1857), vol. i. (b) From Robert Owen, “Report to the Committee of the Association for the Relief of the Manufacturing Poor”, 1817

5 – The Hampden and Union Clubs, (a) From F. D. Cartwright, “Life of Major Cartwright” (1826), vol. ii. (b) From the same, 1826. (c) From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1817

6 – The March of the Blanketeers, 1817. From The Courier, 1817

7 – The Black Dwarf, (a) From The Black Dwarf, 1817. (b) From the same, 1817

8 – Oliver the Spy, 1817. (a) From The Leeds Mercury, 1817. (b) From the same, 1817

9 – The Political Protestants, 1818. From the Home Office Papers, 42/179

10 – The Philanthropic Society, 1818. (a) From the same, 42/181. (b) From The Gorgon, 1819. (c) From the Place MSS., 27, 799 f. 143

11 – Radical Demands, 1818-1819. (a) From The Gorgon, 1818. (b) From Parliamentary Papers, 1819-1820

12 – Peterloo, 1819. From Sherwin’s Weekly Political Register, 1819

13 – The Freedom of the Press, 1817-1824. From Richard Carlile’s The Republican, 1820

14 – The Six Acts, 1819. (a) From 60 Geo. Ill, c. I. (b) From 60 Geo. III, c. 9

15 – The Cato Street Conspiracy. (a) From G. T. Williams, “An Authentic History of the Cato-Street Conspiracy” [1820]. (b) From “The Trials of Arthur Thistlewood, and Others, for High Treason”

16 – The Case of Queen Caroline. (a) From An Address to the Most Gracious Majesty the Queen from the Artisans, Mechanics and Labouring Classes of the Town of Manchester. Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1820. (b) From The Queen’s Answer to the Manchester Address. From the same, 1820. (c) From The Courier, 1820. Quoted in Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1820

VII – THE REPEAL OF THE COMBINATION LAWS

Introduction

1 – The Effect of the Combination Laws. From the Report of the Committee on Artisans and Machinery, 1824

2 – Francis Place and the Combination Laws, (a) From “Observations on Huskisson’s Speech”, by F. P. (Francis Place), 1825. (Quoted from Graham Wallas, “The Life of Francis Place”, 1898.) (b) From the Place MSS., 27, 798 ff. 12-14. Ibid. (c) From the Place MSS., 27, 798 ff. 20-24. Ibid.

3 – The Act of 1824. From 5 Geo. IV, c. 95

4 – The Act of 1825. From 6 Geo. IV, c. 129

VIII – LABOUR ECONOMICS AND CO-OPERATION IN THE 1820s

Introduction

1 – Co-operative Socialism, (a) Labour the Source of Value. From “A Report to the County of Lanark”, 1820. (b) Villages of Co-operation. From “The Life of Robert Owen” (1858), vol. i a. (c) The Contrast. From the same, 1858

2 – The Labour Theory of Value. (a) From Thomas Hodgskin, “Labour Defended”, 1922. (b) From the same, 1922. (c) From William Thompson, “Labor Rewarded”, 1827. (d) From William Thompson, “Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to retain them in Political, and thence in Civil and Domestic, Slavery”, 1825

3 – The Co-operative and Economical Society, 1821. From The Economist, 1822

4 – The Brighton Co-operator. From The Co-operator, 1828

5 – The British Association for promoting Cooperative Knowledge. From the Place MSS., 27, 822 f. 17

IX – THE REFORM MOVEMENT, 1827-1832

Introduction

1 – Catholic Emancipation and the English Reformers, 1827-1829. From “An Account of a Meeting of the Friends of Civil and Religious Liberty”, 1827

2 – Working Class Attitudes to the Reform Bill, 1831. (a) From The Poor Man’s Guardian, 1831. (b) From the same, 1831

3 – Cobbett and Reform, 1831. From William Cobbett, “Manchester Lectures”, 1831

4 – The National Political Union, 1831. (a) From ‘Objects and Rules of the National Political Union’, 1831. Place MSS., 27, 791 f. 184. (b) From the same, 1831. (c) From John Wade, “British History Chronologically Arranged”, 1839

5 – The Birmingham Political Union, 1830. From ‘The Declaration of the Birmingham Political Union’, 1830

6 – The National Union of the Working Classes and Others, 1831. (a) From Penny Papers for the People, 1831. (b) From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1833

7 – The Grand National Holiday. From William Benbow, “Grand National Holiday, and Congress of the Productive Classes”, 1832

8 – The Reform Bill Struggle in the Country, (a) From John Wade, “British History Chronologically Arranged”, 1839. Extract for October 7, 1831. (b) From the same, Extract for October 29, 1831. (c) Handbill. From the Place MSS., 27, 791 f. 303 [1831]. (d) From John Wade, op. cit. November 7 and 21, 1831. (e) From the same. May 1832

9 – The Reform Act of 1832. From the Act

X – TRADE UNIONISM AND UNREST, 1820-1834

Introduction

1 – Trade Unions after 1825. From “The Jubilee Volume of the London Society of Compositors”, 1898

2 – The Metropolitan Trades’ Union. From Penny Papersfor the People, 1831

3 – The General Union of the Spinners, 1829. From the Home Office Papers, 40/27 [1829]

4 – The National Association for the Protection of Labour, 1830. (a) From The United Trades Cooperative Journal, 1830. (b) From “On Combinations of Trades”, 1831

5 – The Northern Miners. From the Home Office Papers, 1832

6 – The Labourers’ Revolt. (a) From Cobbett’s Twopenny Trash, 1830. (b) From W. Carpenter’s Political Letters, 1830. (c) From the Home Office Papers 40/25 [1830]. (d) From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1830

7 – The Scotch Cattle [1832]. From N. Edwards, “The History of the South Wales Miners”

8 – Co-operative Production. (a) From “Report of the North West of England United Co-operative Company”, 1832. (b) From The Pioneer, 1834

9 – Equitable Labour Exchanges, (a) From The Crisis, 1832. (b) From the same, 1832. (c) From the same, 1834

10 – The Operative Builders, 1833-1834. (a) From R. W. Postgate, “The Builders’ History” [1833]. (b) From The Pioneer, 1833. (c) From the same, 1833. (d) From “Brief History of the Operative Building Trades Union”, 1833

11 – The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union. (a) From The Crisis, 1833. (b) From The Pioneer, 1834. (c) From the Rules of the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union, 1834. (d) From The Pioneer, 1834

12 – The Yorkshire Trades’ Union. (a) From “The Character, Objects and Effects of Trades’ Unions”, 1834. (b) From the same, 1834. (c) From The Poor Man’s Guardian, 1833

13 – The National Regeneration Society. From The Pioneer, 1833

14 – The Tolpuddle Martyrs. (a) From a Placard. (6) From George Loveless, “Victims of Whiggery”, 1837

15 – The Dissolution of the ‘Grand National’. (a) From The Crisis, 1834. (b) From the same, 1834

16 – The Journeymen Engineers. From Hetherington’s Twopenny Dispatch, 1836

17 – The Trial of the Glasgow Cotton Spinners, 1837. (a) From the First Report of the Select Committee on Combinations of Workmen, 1838. (b) From “The Rights of Labour Defended”, 1837. (c) From the First Report of the Select Committee on Combinations of Workmen, 1838

XI – THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS

Introduction

1 – The Newspaper Act of 1819. (a) From C. D. Collet, “History of the Taxes on Knowledge” (1899), chapter 3. (b) From the Home Office Papers, 41/5/43 (1819). Extract from a letter from Lord Sidmouth to the Mayor of Exeter

2 – Richard Carlile. (a) From The Republican, 1820. (b) From the same, 1823. (c) From the same, 1824

3 – William Hone. From “The Political House that Jack Built”, 1820

4 – Cobbett’s Register and the Stamp Duty, (a) From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, October 26, 1816. (b) From the same, November 16, 1816. (c) From the same, 1824. (d) From the same, 1830

5 – The Poor Man’s Guardian. (a) From The Poor Man’s Guardian, July 9, 1831. (b) From the same, 1834. (c) From the same, 1835

XII – THE FACTORY MOVEMENT, 1815-1850

Introduction

1 – Robert Owen’s Factory Bill, 1815. From “Life of Robert Owen” (1858), vol. i a

2 – The Factory Act of 1819. From Factory Act, 1819 (59 Geo. III. c. 66)

3 – Yorkshire Slavery. (a) From Richard Oastler’s Letter to The Leeds Mercury, October 16, 1830. Reprinted in “Tory Radical”, by C. Driver, 1946. (b) From John Fielden, “The Curse of the Factory System”, 1836

4 – The Short Time Committees, (a) From the First Report of the Select Committee on Combinations of Workmen, 1838. (b) From ‘Alfred’ [Samuel Kydd], “The History of the Factory Movement” (1857), vol. i. (c) From C. Driver, op. cit., 1946. (d) From the same, 1946. (e) The York County Meeting, 1832. From ‘Alfred’ [Samuel Kydd], op. cit.

5 – The Factory Act of 1833. (a) The Purposes of the Act. From Leonard Horner, “The Factories Regulation Act Explained”, 1834. (Quoted in M. W. Thomas, “The Early Factory Legislation”, 1948.) (b) Oastler’s Comment. From R. Oastler, “The Rejected Letter”, 1836. (Quoted in M. W. Thomas, op. cit.) (c) The Benthamite View. From The London and Westminster Review, October, 1836. (Quoted in M. W. Thomas, op. cit.) (d) The Effects. From Leonard Horner, “On the Employment of Children in Factories”, 1840. (Quoted in M. W. Thomas, op. cit.)

6 – The Short Time Committees in the 1840s. From Philip Grant, “The History of Factory Legislation”, 1866

7 – The Ten Hours Act. From Shaftesbury’s Letter to the Short Time Committees, 1847. From E. Hodder, “The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury”, 1892

XIII – THE NEW POOR LAW

Introduction

1 – Cobbett on the Poor Law Bill. From Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, 1834

2 – The Call to Resistance. From the same, 1835

3 – The Resistance, (a) From a Speech by the Rev. J. R. Stephens on the New Poor Law, 1838. Printed in R. G. Gammage, “History of the Chartist Movement” (1st edition, 1854). (b) From Richard Oastler, “Damnation! Eternal Damnation to the Fiend-begotten Coarser-Food New Poor Law”, 1837

4 – The Anti-Poor Law Associations. From The Northern Star, 1838

5 – The Struggle at Todmorden. (a) From the Fourth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners, 1838. (b) From the Fifth Annual Report of the 335 Poor Law Commissioners, 1839

6 – “The Book of the Bastiles.” From G. R. Wythen 336 Baxter, “The Book of the Bastiles”, 1841

7 – The Separation of the Sexes. (a) From Marcus, “The Book of Murder”, 1839, title-page, (b) From the same, pp. 7-8

XIV – CHARTISM TO 1839

Introduction

1 – The London Working Men’s Association. (a) From the Place MSS., 27, 819 f. 31 (1836). (b) From the Address and Rules of the London Working Men’s Association, 1836. (c) From “An Address to the Reformers on the Forthcoming Elections”, 1837. (d) From an Address to the Canadian People, 1837

2 – The Birmingham Political Union. From the Birmingham Petition, 1837

3 – Universal Suffrage. From Bronterre’s National Reformer, 1837

4 – The People’s Charter: the Six Points. From a Handbill

5 – The National Petition, 1837. (a) From the National Petition. Place MSS., 27, 820 f. 374. (b) From a speech by P. H. Muntz. From a pamphlet, “The Grand Midland Demonstration at Birmingham”, 1838

6 – The London Democratic Association. (a) From The London Democrat, 1839. (b) From the same, 1839

7 – The Northern Star. From R. G. Gammage, “History of the Chartist Movement, 1837-54”, 1894

8 – The First Chartist Convention, 1839. (a) Resolutions to April. From The Charter, 1839. (b) From the same, 1839. (c) From the Manifesto of the Convention, May 14, 1839. (d) From R. G. Gammage, “History of the Chartist Movement”, 1894. (e) Resolutions, July to August. From The Charter, 1839. (f) Dissolution. From R. G. Gammage, op. cit.

9 – The Newport Rising. From “The Trial of John Frost for High Treason”, 1839

XV – CHARTISM: LATER PHASES

Introduction

1 – The National Charter Association. From The Northern Star, 1840

2 – The National Association. From “Rules and Objects of the National Association”

3 – The Complete Suffrage Movement. (a) From William Lovett, “Life and Struggles”. (b) From the “Report of Proceedings of Birmingham Conference”, 1842. (c) From the same, 1842. (d) From The Birmingham Journal, 1842

4 – The Chartists and the Anti-Corn Law League. (a) From The English Chartist Circular, 1842. (b) From The Liberator, 1842

5 – Chartism and the Trade Unions. (a) From The Northern Star, 1838. (b) From The Charter, 1839. (c) From the same, 1842

6 – The Chartist Petition of 1842. From R. G. Gammage, “History of the Chartist Movement”, 1894

7 – The Plug Plot. (a) From The Northern Star, 1842. (b) From the same, 1842

8 – The Metropoilitan Parliamentary Reform Association. From the Place MSS., 27, 810 f. 152 (1842)

9 – The Chartist Land Scheme. (a) From the Rules of the Chartist Cooperative Land Society, 1845. (b) From a Circular of the National Land Company, 1847. (c) From the Sixth Report of the Select Committee on the National Land Company, 1848

10 – The Fraternal Democrats. From “The Principles and 1845. Rules of the Society of Fraternal Democrats”, 1845

11 – The Chartist Petition of 1848. (a) From “Proceedings of the National Convention”, 1848. (b) From The Annual Register, 1848. (c) From R. G. Gammage, “History of the Chartist Movement”, 1894

12 – Hume’s Little Charter. From Hansard’s “Parliamentary Debates”, 1848

13 – The National Reform League. (a) From The National Reformer, 1847. (6) From Propositions of the National Reform League, 1850

14 – The National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association. From The Reformers’ Almanack and Political Year Book, 1850

15 – The First Trade Union Candidate, 1852. (a) From The Operative, 1852. (b) From Reynolds’ Newspaper, 1852. (c) From the same, 1852

16 – Ernest Jones and the Last Days of Chartism. (a) From The People’s Paper, 1852. (b) From the same, 1854. (c) From the same, 1858

XVI – THE CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT, 1835-1875

Introduction

1 – The Owenite Socialists. (a) From Rules of the National Community Friendly Society, 1837. (b) From the same, 1837. (c) From Propositions of the National Reform League, 1848

2 – Queenwood, or Harmony Hall. From The Movement, 1844

3 – The Rochdale Pioneers. (a) From G. J. Holyoake, “History of the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers”, 1857. (b) From The Society’s Almanack, 1860, (c) From W. Robertson, “Rochdale Past and Present: a History and Guide”, 1876. (d) From The Society’s Almanack, 1864

4 – Co-operative Dividend on Purchases. From The Poor Man’s Guardian, 1832

5 – The Redemption Societies. (a) From The Herald of Redemption, 1847. (b) From Address and Rules of the Bury Redemption Society, 1850. (c) From The Christian Socialist, 1851

6 – The Christian Socialists. From Politics for the People, 1848

7 – The Society for Promoting Working-Men’s Associations. (a) From “Tracts on Christian Socialism”, No. 5 (1850). (b) From “Report of the Society”, 1852

8 – The Engineers and Co-operative Production. From The Operative, 1851

9 – The Central Co-operative Agency. From the Furnival Papers, vol. i, No. 24: [Report of a Meeting for the Establishment of the Central Co-operative Agency, 1851]

10 – Co-operative Flour Mills and Woollen Mills. From The Christian Socialist, 1851

11 – Co-operative Societies and the Law. (a) From the Friendly Societies Act, 1846. (b) From the Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1852. (c) From the same, 1862

12 – The Co-operative Wholesale Society, (a) From The Co-operator, 1863. (b) From the same, 1867. (c) From The Co-operative News, 1872

13 – The Co-operative Congress and the Co-operative Union. From a Circular issued by the Central Co-operative Agency, 1868

14 – The Revival of Co-operative Production. (a) From The Co-operator, 1868. (b) From Maberly Phillips, “A History of Banks, Bankers and Banking in Northumberland, Durham and North Yorkshire”, 1894

15 – Co-operative Banking. From Percy Redfern, “The Story of the C.W.S.”, 1913

XVII – TRADE UNIONISM, 1840-1868

Introduction

1 – Meetings of Trades’ Delegates. From The Charter, 1839

2 – The Miners’ Association of Great Britain and Ireland. From R. L. Galloway, “Annals of Coal Mining and the Coal Trade” (2nd Series, 1898)

3 – The National Association of United Trades for the Protection of Labour, 1845. (a) From The Northern Star, 1845. (6) From a Circular, 1845. (c) From The Labour League, 1848

4 – The Potters’ Union and Emigration Society. (a) From The Potters’ Examiner, 1844. (b) From the same, 1844

5 – The Amalgamated Society of Engineers. From the Rules of the Society, 1850

6 – The Engineering Lock-out of 1852. (a) From The Operative, 1852. (b) From the same, 1852

7 – The Preston Lock-out of 1853. (a) From the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, “Report on Trade Societies”, 1860. (b) From “Balance sheet and Address of the Metropolitan Trades’ Delegate Committee”, 1854

8 – The London Building Dispute of 1859. From “Balance sheet of the late Strike and Lock-out in the London Building Trades”, 1860

9 – The London Trades Council. (a) From the “Report of Trades Council of London”, 1862. (6) From The Beehive, 1865

10 – The Miners’ Unions, 1858 to 1875. (a) From The Beehive, 1863. (6) From The Miner and Workman’s Advocate, 1865. (c) From the Seventh Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions, 1867. (d) From the Eighth Report of the same, 1867. (e) From the Eleventh Report of the same, 1867. (f) From “Minutes of the Conference of the Miners’ National Association”, 1873. (g) From “Proceedings of the National Conference of Miners”, 1875. (h) From the “Report of the Amalgamated Association of Miners”, 1873. (i) From the “Report of the Miners’ National Association Conference”, 1874. (j) From “Proceedings of the National Conference of Miners”, 1875. (k) From the same, 1875

11 – Conciliation and Arbitration. (a) From T. J. Dunning, “Trades’ Unions and Strikes”, 1860. (b) From “Report of the Select Committee on Masters and Operatives”, 1856. (c) From The Bookbinders’ Trade Circular, 1858. (d) From ‘An Account of the Board of Arbitration and Conciliation in the Hosiery and Glove Trades’. (e) From the Tenth Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions, 1867-1869. (f) From the Fourth Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions, 1867-1869

12 – The Factory Reform Movement. From The Beehive, February 23, 1867

13 – The United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades. From “Rules for the Government of the Alliance”, 1867

14 – The Trades Union Congress. (a) From the Circular of Invitation, 1868. (b) From G. Howell, “The Conflicts of Capital and Labour”, 1878. (c) From a Circular of the Parliamentary Committee, 1872

XVIII – WORKING CLASS POLITICS, 1858-1867

Introduction

1 – The Northern Reform Union. From The Newcastle Chronicle, 1858

2 – The Development of the Reform Movement. From the Howell Papers [1867]

3 – The Manhood Suffrage and Vote by Ballot Association. From Reynolds’ Newspaper, 1862

4 – The Trade Unions and the American Civil War. (a) From The Beehive, 1863. (b) From G. J. Holyoake, 1867. “The History of the Rochdale Pioneers”, 1867

5 – The Welcome to Garibaldi. From Reynolds’ Newspaper, 1864

6 – The International Working Men’s Association. (a) From the Rules of the Association, 1864. (b) From “Annual Report of the London Trades’ Council”, 1867

7 – The National Reform Union. (a) From “Report of Proceedings at the National Reform Conference”, 1865. (b) From a Leaflet of the Union [1866-1867]

8 – The National Reform League. (a) From the Rules of the League, 1865. (b) Address issued by the League “To the Working Men of Great Britain and Ireland”, 1865. (c) Address issued by the League “To the Trades’ Unionists of the United Kingdom”, 1865. (d) From the Minute Book, 1866. (e) From the same, 1867

9 – The London Working Men’s Association. (a) From The Beehive, 1866. (b) From the same, 1866

10 – The Hyde Park Meeting, 1866. (a) From Joseph Irving, “The Annals of our Time”, 1871. (b) From Reynolds’ Newspaper, 1866

11 – The Reform Act, 1867. (a) From The Commonwealth, 1867. (b) From the same, 1867. (e) From The Beehive, 1867

XIX – THE LABOUR LAWS, 1867-1876

Introduction

1 – The Law of Trade Unions after 1825. (a) From the summing up of J. Erle, in 1851. (b) From the Eleventh Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions (Memo, by Sir William Erle), 1868

2 – The Molestation of Workmen Act, 1859. From the Act

3 – The Law of Master and Servant. (a) From “Report of a Conference on the Law of Masters and Workmen”, 1864. (b) From the Master and Servant Act, 1867

4 – The Sheffield Outrages. (a) From “Trades Union Commission: Sheffield Outrages Inquiry”, Report, 1867. (b) From the same, 1867

5 – Hornby v. Close. (a) From the Lord Chief Justice Cockburn’s Judgment, 1867. (b) From the Larceny and Embezzlement Act, 1868. (c) From the Trades Unions (Protection of Funds) Act, 1869

6 – The Trade Unions and the Royal Commission. (a) Prom “Report of the Trades Conference”, 1867. (b) From The Beehive, 1867

7 – The Royal Commission on Trade Unions, 1867- 1869. (a) From the Commission’s Eleventh Report, 1869. (b) From the same, 1869. (c) From the same, 1869

8 – The Trade Union Acts, 1871. (a) From the Trade Union Act, 1871. (b) From the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1871

9 – The London Gas Stokers, 1872. (a) From The Illustrated London News, 1872. (b) From “The London Gas Stokers. A Report”, 1873

10 – The Labour Laws of 1875-1876. (a) From the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act, 1875. (b) From the Employers and Workmen Act, 1875. (c) From the Trade Union Act Amendment Act, 1876

XX – POLITICAL MOVEMENTS, 1866-1875

Introduction

1 – The London Working Men’s Association and the General Election of 1868. From A. W. Humphrey, “A History of Labour Representation”, 1912

2 – The Labour Representation League. (a) From the Minute Book of the Reform League, 1867. (b) From a Leaflet [1869]. (c) “Address of the Labour Representation League to the Working Men Electors of the United Kingdom”, 1871. (d) From a Leaflet [1874]

3 – The Northern Reform League. From The Newcastle Daily Chronicle, 1873

4 – The Trades Union Congress and the General Election of 1874. A Leaflet, 1874

5 – The First Workmen M.P.s. (a) From A. Macdonald’s ‘Address to the Electors of Stafford’, 1874. Reprinted in A. W. Humphrey, “A History of Labour Representation”, 1912. (b) From The Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, 1873. (c) From The Newcastle Daily Chronicle, 1874

6 – The National Reform Union. From a Leaflet [1875]

XXI – INDUSTRIAL MOVEMENTS, 1870-1876

Introduction

1 – The Nine Hours Movement. From the “Report of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers”, 1872

2 – The Nine Hours Bill. From the Report of the Trades Union Congress Parliamentary Committee, 1873

3 – Trade Union Progress. (a) From the same, 1873. (b) From the same, 1875

4 – The Agricultural Labourers. (a) From “Joseph Arch: the Story of His Life, by Himself”, 1898. (b) From “Constitution and Rules of the National Agricultural Labourers’ Union”, 1874. (c) From The Labourers’ Union Chronicle, 1874. (d) From the same, 1874. (e) From “Songs for Singing at Agricultural Labourers’ Meetings”, by Howard Evans. (f) From the Report of the Royal Com¬ mission on Agriculture, 1882

5 – The Unskilled and the Forbidden, (a) From the Rules of the General Labourers’ Amalgamated Union, 1872. (b) From the Report of the Trades Union Congress, 1874

6 – The Women’s Protective and Provident League. From the League’s First Annual Report, 1875

7 – The Plimsoll Line. (<2) From Samuel Plimsoll, “ Our Seamen ”, 1872. (b) From George Howell, “ Labour Legislation, Labour Movements, and Labour Leaders ”, 2nd edition, 1905 . 8. Proposals for Closer Federation, (a) From the Official Report of the Trades Union Congress, 1874. (b) From “ Proposed Rules for the Govern¬ ment 1>a) From Samuel Plimsoll, “Our Seamen”, 1872. (b) From George Howell, “Labour Legislation, Labour Movements, and Labour Leaders”, 2nd edition, 1905

8 – Proposals for Closer Federation. (a) From the Official Report of the Trades Union Congress, 1874. (b) From “Proposed Rules for the Government of the Federation of Organised Trade Societies”, 1875